Water Technology, July/Aug 2018

to inefficiencies that were previously allowed because of the historically low cost and generally high availability of natural water Beyond waters availability the energy cost of water usage and movement is a critical element of the dollars and cents issues of water for production Seawater for desalination and domestic wastewater for recycling are almost unlimited in their accessibility but they all have a rising cost Processes that use less water as well as recycle will continue to be more widely applied In addition the regulatory cost of wastewater treatment for discharge and costs of discharge permits will continue to be a burden It is plausible that industrial water consumption will continue to become more efficient because industries are identifiable and have less political cover than agriculture which is the largest water consumption segment by far While certainly essential it is important that improvements in water usage efficiencies become more widespread and reflect the practices already applied successfully in arid areas as well as production and biotechnology improvements that will permit greater food production with less water use It will be necessary for all of the water consumption segments to contribute in a substantial way to achieve more efficient multiple usage targets especially in water shortage areas REFERENCES 1 Water Management in the Steel Industry 2015 World Steel Position Paper World Steel Association https www worldsteel org en dam jcr f7594c5f 9250 4eb3 aa10 48cba3e3b213 Water Management Position Paper 2015 pdf 2 Water Position Toyota https www toyota com usa environmentreport2017 water html 3 Water Requirements of the Aluminum Industry H L Conklin Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1330 C US Government Printing Office 1956 Pubs usgs gov wsp 1330c report pdf 4 Water Requirements of the Iron and Steel Industry F B Walling and L E Otts Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1330 H US Government Printing Office 1967 Pubs usgs gov wsp 1330h report pdf 5 Water Scarcity Footprint of Primary Aluminum Int J Life Cycle Assessment Vol 21 11 1605 1615 November 2016 6 Water Use Benchmarking in the Beverage Industry Beverage Industry Roundtable https www bottledwater org files BIER Water Use Benchmarking Report 2012 pdf Joseph Cotruvo Ph D BCES is president of Joseph Cotruvo and Associates LLC water environment and public health consultants and technical editor of Water Technology He is a former director of both the EPA Drinking Water Standards and the Risk Assessment Divisions Our product mix technical experience and warehouse network will keep you connected A cids Alkalis Amines Biocides Chelants Coagulants C orrosion Inhibitors Dispersants Antiscalants Flocculants F oam Control L iquid Solid Separation Polymers Orthophosphates Oxidizers Phosphonates Polyphosphates Reducers Sequestrants JULY AUGUST 2018 watertechonline com 13 Visit Brenntag in Orlando AWT Annual Convention Expo September 26 29 Booth 606 WATER IS LIFE THATS WHY WE CARE Contact us today Phone 800 890 0355 wateradditives@ brenntag com www BrenntagWater com 16392_ BNA_ WaterAdditives_ 45x 73125inch_ En indd 1 050618 13 35